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howto:hambasics:sections:wavemodulation [2020/11/07 21:37] va7fihowto:hambasics:sections:wavemodulation [2022/11/04 18:52] (current) – [AM] va7fi
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 ====== Properties of Waves ====== ====== Properties of Waves ======
 +
 Here we dive a little more deeply into waves and look at three ways that a "pure" radio wave (called the //carrier//) can be modulated to encode a voice signal (called the //baseband// signal):  //AM, SSB, FM//. Here we dive a little more deeply into waves and look at three ways that a "pure" radio wave (called the //carrier//) can be modulated to encode a voice signal (called the //baseband// signal):  //AM, SSB, FM//.
  
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 ===== Amplitude, Wavelength, Frequency, and Period ===== ===== Amplitude, Wavelength, Frequency, and Period =====
- 
 Here's a good introductory video for this section:((Dave Castler makes his videos for American Licences, which don't completely match the Canadian licences, but the concepts are the same.)) Here's a good introductory video for this section:((Dave Castler makes his videos for American Licences, which don't completely match the Canadian licences, but the concepts are the same.))
  
 {{ youtube>lrfLk2kjwMc }} {{ youtube>lrfLk2kjwMc }}
  
-Here are two moving waves.  What's different about them?  What's the same?+Here are two moving waves (press the play {{/play.png}} button on the bottom left corner of the picture).  What's different about them?  What's the same?
  
-<html> +{{ggb>/howto/hambasics/sections/travelingwave.ggb 800,250}}
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-</script> +
-</html>+
  
  
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 When two waves overlap, they add up together at every point.  Here, the <fc #4682b4>blue</fc> and <fc #008000>green</fc> waves are generated and add up together to form the <fc #ff0000>red</fc> wave.  You can move the blue and green waves and see the result.  To convince yourself that the red wave is really the sum of the blue and green waves, look at points <fc #4682b4>A</fc>, <fc #008000>B</fc>, and <fc #ff0000>C</fc> You  can move the blue or green waves by sliding their phase (<fc #4682b4>φ</fc> and <fc #008000>Φ</fc>) around.  You'll see that point <fc #ff0000>C</fc> is always the sum of <fc #4682b4>A</fc> and <fc #008000>B</fc>. When two waves overlap, they add up together at every point.  Here, the <fc #4682b4>blue</fc> and <fc #008000>green</fc> waves are generated and add up together to form the <fc #ff0000>red</fc> wave.  You can move the blue and green waves and see the result.  To convince yourself that the red wave is really the sum of the blue and green waves, look at points <fc #4682b4>A</fc>, <fc #008000>B</fc>, and <fc #ff0000>C</fc> You  can move the blue or green waves by sliding their phase (<fc #4682b4>φ</fc> and <fc #008000>Φ</fc>) around.  You'll see that point <fc #ff0000>C</fc> is always the sum of <fc #4682b4>A</fc> and <fc #008000>B</fc>.
  
-<html> +{{ggb>/howto/hambasics/sections/waveaddition.ggb 800,500}}
-<script src="https://www.geogebra.org/apps/deployggb.js"></script> +
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-</script> +
-</html> +
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   * the red wave is cancelled out?((Fun fact: This is how [[wp>Active_noise_control |noise cancelling headphones]] work.  The headset has a microphone that picks up the noise, inverts the waves, and plays them back in the ear piece.  The combination of the real life noise and the inverted noise being played in the speaker cancel out (somewhat).))   * the red wave is cancelled out?((Fun fact: This is how [[wp>Active_noise_control |noise cancelling headphones]] work.  The headset has a microphone that picks up the noise, inverts the waves, and plays them back in the ear piece.  The combination of the real life noise and the inverted noise being played in the speaker cancel out (somewhat).))
  
-If you press the play button on the bottom left corner, you'll see the blue wave travel to the right and the green wave travel to the left.  The red wave oscillates up and down but doesn't travel anywhere.  This is called a //standing wave//, which we'll see again later when we discuss SWR.+If you press the play button {{/play.png}} on the bottom left corner, you'll see the blue wave travel to the right and the green wave travel to the left.  The red wave, which is the sum of the forward and reflected waves, oscillates up and down but doesn't travel anywhere, which means it's not going into the antenna.
  
 +While the animation is running, slowly decrease the amplitude of the reflected wave (<fc #008000>V<sub>B</sub></fc>) and you'll see that the red wave will start moving to the right.  As you do that, notice how the SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) decreases toward 1:1.  At this point, there is no reflected wave and all of the energy is going to the antenna (assuming no loss in the feedline).  
  
 ====== Modulation ====== ====== Modulation ======
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 <WRAP center round important box 80%> <WRAP center round important box 80%>
-Let's pause for a minute and highlight that here, we are **multiplying** two waves together (not simply adding them).  Later on, we'll see that the electronic component that does that is called a //mixer//, not to be confused with an sound mixer, which does do addition.  +Let's pause for a minute and highlight that here, we are **multiplying** two waves together (not simply adding them).  Later on, we'll see that the electronic component that does that is called a //mixer//, not to be confused with sound mixer, which does do addition.  
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
howto/hambasics/sections/wavemodulation.1604813853.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/11/07 21:37 by va7fi